Basics of Networking-IP Address
IP Addresses:
It is an address in a network which is used for communication between two computer. In Laymen
terms as we need an address to send postcard or Letters from one destination to
another similarly in network while sending mails or whenever we need
communication computer uses unique identifiers to send information to specific
computers on a Network.
TCP/IP is
standard for how to communicate on the network.
Two Versions of
IP Addresses are there:
IPV4: IP’s displayed in
dotted Decimal Notation. It uses 32 binary bits to create a secure unique
address separated on the Network.
Expressed by four
numbers separated by dots.
For ex:
192.168.10.1
IPV6: It uses 128 binary
bits to create a single unique address on the Network.
Expressed in
eight groups of hexadecimal digits (base-0). Numbers are separated by colons.
For ex:
2001:dcab::3257:9652
Classes of IP Addresses:
Five classes are defined on the base of IP
Hierarchy.
In these classes of IP Addresses:
0: Reserved and represents
all IP addresses.
127: Loop back IP Address.
Generally used for testing.
255: Reserved for
Broadcasting Purposes
IP Address Class
|
No. of bits for NID/HID
|
No. of N/w Id bits
|
Possible number of N/w per Id
|
No. of Host IP per N/W Id
|
Class A
|
8/24
|
8-1=7
|
27 -2=126
|
224-2
= 166,277,274
|
Class B
|
16/16
|
16-2=14
|
214
=16,384
|
216-2= 65,534
|
Class C
|
24/8
|
24-3=21
|
221 = 2,09,752
|
28-2=254
|
IP Address based on Class Networks
No. of Networks = 2networkbits
No. of
Hosts/Network = 2hostbits -2
Note: All classes
are identified by their first octet of IP addresses:
Class A Addresses
The first bit of
first octet is always set to 0(zero).
As defined above
it lies in b/w 1-126
00000000-011111111
1-126
Default Subnet Mask of Class A Address: 255.0.0.0
127.x.x.x reserved for loop back IP Address.
Class B Addresses
The first two bits
of first octet are always set to 10.
It lies b/w
128-191
100000000-10111111
128-191
Default Subnet Mask of Class A Address: 255.255.0.0
Class C Addresses
The first three bits of first octet always set
to 110
It lies in b/w 192-223
11000000-11011111
192-223
Default Subnet Mask of Class C Address: 255.255.255.0
Class D Addresses
The first two bits of first octet are always
set to 1110
It lies in b/w 224-239
11100000-11101111
224-239
Reserved for Multi-casting. No Need to extract the host address from the IP address as there
is data not designed for particular host as we are using it for broadcasting
purposes.
Don’t have any
Subnet Mask.
Class E Addresses
Only using it for
Experimental purposes.
It lies in b/w 240-254.
